'Urang Minang', a term commonly used to indicate the identity of Minangkabau society and inhabit most of the province of West Sumatra. Area was originally a three indigenous territorial unity called Tigo LUHAK nan (region three), namely: LUHAK Agam, LUHAK Fifty Koto, and LUHAK Tanah Datar.
The origins of the name of Minangkabau is very diverse, but according to legend, the name originated from the Minangkabau event victory in the shoot buffalo with people who want to seize the kingdom of Majapahit this region (Gusdiasdial), as it sounded in the tambo talibun Minangkabau origin of the name below :
· Karano tanduak stale paruik tajalo
· Dead at Koto Padang Sphere
. Tuo jo Mudo sungguahpun wonder
· Arrival of indak karano advised
· Deck karano Cadiak Niniak Kito
· Because manyambuang in galanggang ground
· Dipadapek luck kamujuran
· Namo Minangkabau Timbualah
Minangkabau society is one of the people who still cling to their customs. Matrilineal kinship system is one differentiator with other tribes located in Indonesia.
Customary Functions
Minangkabau society is a society that still cling to their customs. It can take a look at how traditional philosophy still they run in their daily lives.
A home gadang, a main house owned by a group of Minangkabau society is bound by a particular tribe. As the main house, the house is a place to establish a large sieve events customs and other important events of the tribe concerned.
Customary activities on Minangkabau society we have described based on their life cycle, namely:
· Rain Shower
· Circumcision
· Marriage
· Batagak Gala (Appointment Datuak)
· Death
Customary function in a large sieve home we could call the function that took place in a temporary home gadang, because the event does not take place every day and takes place at certain times only.
Everyday Function
The house is a container that holds gadang daily activities of its inhabitants. Gadang house is a house inhabited by a large family with all their activities every day. Definition of a large family here is a family consisting of father, mother and daughter, both who have been married or who have not married, whereas boys did not have a place in the house gadang.
This function is actually a more dominant place in a large sieve home. As usual residence for society generally, this is where the interaction takes place between family members. Everyday activities such as eating, sleeping, hanging out with family members and others more dominant place here, in addition to traditional activities as described above.
Along with the passage of time and the increasing activity of the community especially those still using gadang home as residential facilities, has led to the increase of new functions in the home gadang. Architecturally, we know that each activity requires the spaces to accommodate these activities. So also at home gadang, new spaces that appear on the home gadang (transformation space) is a response to the increasing activity as well as the diversity of needs of residents of the large sieve.
we know that each activity requires the spaces to accommodate these activities. So also at home gadang, new spaces that appear on the home gadang (transformation space) is a response to the increasing activity as well as the diversity of needs of residents of the large sieve.
Tower House as a Cultural Artifact
As already described above, the Minangkabau society is a society that embraces matrilineal kinship system, which according to maternal lineage. As a society that embraces matrilineal system, the tribal system was also according to the mother, so if the mother has an interest Piliang then hereditary, the children in these families also have the same tribe with his mother.
Gadang home as a place to live with for the people who live Minangkabau matrilineal system of kinship (according to matrilineal descent) women have a privileged position and place in the home gadang. Any married woman who will get a room, while the youngest female terujung got a room which will then be moved if it has a future husband. The boy has no place on this gadang house, since the former boy-man who started growing up will stay in the mosque-surau family or go wander out of the village.
Houses gadang Minangkabau society in addition to functioning as a residence also serves as a symbol of the existence of a people. Another function of this gadang house is as a place to consult and agree on a place to perform traditional ceremonies, like a rung on the establishment of a house gadang speech, namely:
· Home gadang base HB
· Pole banamo Carbonara nature
· Pintunyo banamo Dalia kiasannyo
· Banduanyo Sambah manyambah
· Bajanjang naiak batanggo down
· Dindiangnyo panutik shame
· Biliaknyo square bunian
The purpose of the speech above is the number of poles contained in a large sieve home is one of the factors that determine the size of the building to be erected, the location of the door determines the alignment system adopted, the pendulum (high-low game gadang floor of a house) which is the boundary between outside and inside the home that can not be passed without any particular order, a walled house mengkiaskan cultural values and civilization while the room is a place to store valuable items.
Broadly speaking, living in a house we can gadang categorizing into
Four main zoning. Penzoningan is based on the hierarchy of spaces contained in gadang house itself, namely:
1.Publik, namely the living room or common space which is a room off without any barrier.
Private 2.Semi, the transitional space contained bandua front bedroom and anjuang (special room) located at the ends of the house gadang which can be found in some types of home gadang.
3.Privat, the bedrooms are there in the house which was formerly based on the large sieve to the number of girls who are owned by sipemilik home.
4.Servis, the kitchen is at once a traditional kitchen are still using wood as fuel.
Some characteristics of the architecture of the house is a large sieve:
1.Tingkat / or the degree of cultural specificity.
Gadang house is a building typical of the region of West Sumatra, as written in the book Minangkabau Tower House of Traditional Architecture, the architecture of the building houses a relic gadang not written to us, which is a hallmark of the past greatness of Minangkabau culture. No matter how the change occurred, but sieve house building architecture which we witness now is the effect of building styles of the past.
model, plan, morphology and building specifications, the relationship between elements and the complexity of the building based on where a building is located.
Broadly speaking gadang home model is divided into two major groups are divided according to two kelarasan or customary law in Minangkabau society.
Both kelarasan system are:
• System kelarasan Koto Piliang
The hallmark of the model homes that use the system kelarasan gadang Piliang Koto is a anjuang found on the left and the building. The pavilion is a place of honor in a large sieve home is elevated a few feet from the surface of the floor of the building.
• System Bodi kelarasan Caniago.
While at home who use the system kelarasan gadang Bodi anjuang Caniago not know the term. So the floor of the house bangian gadang from tip to base have the same height floor.
Building elements in the house gadang it can also be divided into two main parts, namely:
a.Halaman Gadang a home page is an open house is important for an gadang house, usually a home page on the large sieve is a place to hold events on a kinship.
The elements contained in a large sieve home page is:
Rangkiang Rangkiang is a building that contained yard of a house gadang the square and roofed bergonjong fibers that serve as rice storage barn erected in front of the house gadang.
According A.A. Navis (1984) there are several types gadang rangkiang on a house, such as:
a.Sitinjau lauik
This is the kind Rangkiang rangkiang rice storage place that will be sold to buy household needs that can not be made or done alone.
b.Sibayau-bayau
Rangkiang of this type serves as a repository of rice that will be used for everyday purposes.
c.Sitangguang coconut
Is a type rangkiang used as a rice storage place that will be used as a backup during a famine comes.
d.Rangkiang kaciak
Rangkiang used as a rice storage place that will be used as seed and planting paddy processing fee during the next planting.
Tabuah ban Is a rectangular building, thatched roofed and bergonjong to place a drum made of wood length. Usually used as a tool to provide at the time of danger signs or notices at the time there is an event.
Lasuang and pestle Is a home gadang fittings commonly used as a tool to pound rice.
Kitchen Service area on the home gadang which usually also part of the house, but in most home kitchens gadang gadang usually separate from the house.
b.Elemen building Building elements contained in a large sieve home is:
• Password
Foundation is contained in a large sieve house from natural stones.
• Ladder
Stairs on a house made of materials gadang wood materials and is usually preceded by a natural flat stone, usually the number of steps is odd number, like 5, 7 and 9.
• The pole
There are various names and types of columns on a house, giving the name on each pole at a house gadang is adapted to function at home and it's large sieve.
• Beams
Is the binder between the pole with a pole on a house that ran large sieve at the top or the bottom of the pole.
• Space
Space or space on a large sieve house is a room that is formed by rows of columns that ran in the house the large sieve.
• room
Booth is a private area for the occupants of a house large sieve, sieve chamber at the base of the house inhabited by parents and children while unmarried girls booth located at the end of the house inhabited by a large sieve bridal couple.
• Walls
The walls of the house gadang divided into three parts, the front wall, the wall Sasak, as well as the side walls. In general, the wall at home gadang is made of woven bamboo is bound by the boards as tulangannya.
• Roof
The roof of a house gadang usually consists of fibers, although in the present use of these fibers has been replaced by widespread use of zinc material.
• gonjong
Gonjong are characteristic of traditional residential Minangkabau society, so that residential Minangkabau society is also known as the home bagonjong.
+-The use of certain materials, colors, textures and have a relationship with the landscape.
The principle of housing construction is to use the large sieve techniques and local materials as well as a response to the environmental setting where the building is located. The main materials used in building houses a large sieve there is lots of wood materials around the site where the building will be erected. And bring natural colors in its use.
Minangkabau society is a society that lived communally or collectively, as well as having a strong kinship ties. This is reflected by the presence of open space or open space contained in each group residential facilities or group them (houses gadang) which is a container for a place to socialize for the people.
+-Clarity, appearance and ease of understand of the model used
A home gadang is a product architecture that emerged and developed in Minangkabau society. No other buildings are located in Indonesia in particular building typology that has truly synonymous with large sieve-like home custom home located on West Sumatra. Just as in the use of roof elements, a transformation of form gonjong designed terraced and has a certain ratio in the angle and height in which it will not be found in other areas of architectural products that are in Indonesia.
So, if we see a building that has the characteristics as described in the previous section then we will say directly that the building is one of the buildings from Minangkabau (West Sumatra).
+-Complexity based on the time change, the conditions that allowed open-ended process of adduct (transformation) based on user activity that is plural and the addition of this type and amount.
Based on the philosophy of life Minangkabau society, namely 'natural takambang be a teacher' contains a spirit that all changes from the surrounding environment should be a lesson in Minangkabau society itself.
In simple terms we can say that the Minangkabau society is a society that is not closed to change, as do the houses where they lived.
Increased family members and the increasing need for space in the residence, not close to the occurrence of transformation in their residential setting, whether it's the transformation that occurs in space in a home setting gadang and outer space.
In a small scale we can see, the establishment of new buildings that are around the house gadang, is one of the answers are no longer home gadang inability to accommodate the needs of the occupants. And the shifting of kinship systems which are usually referred to as family nucleus becomes ekstended family, are the kinds of transformation that is the answer to the philosophy of 'natural takambang be a teacher' is.
CONCLUSION:
Minangkabau society is a civilized society, the absence of one kegiatanpun Minangkabau society in everyday life apart from the traditions that they hold dear for this.
Matrilineal kinship systems which profess meraka during impact and also provide a huge influence in the life of this Minangkabau society. Gadang house, which is one of the Minangkabau cultural artifacts are also much influenced by the matrilineal system.
Gadang home is one form of culture results Minangkabau society truly born of the consequences of matrilineal system adopted by the Minangkabau society. One can clearly see the rooms in the house gadang settings, such as system usage and the lack of room to place their boys in the house gadang.
The increased activity and increasingly diverse needs of Minangkabau society, not close to the transformation of the house gadang. As a dynamic community and embrace the philosophy of life 'nature takambang be a teacher' has hinted that the Minangkabau society is a society that is always open to change and will evolve according to the demands of life and increased community activity.
source : www.yahoo.com
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