Chichen Itza

Chichen Itza (pronounced / tʃɛn i tʃi ː ː ː tsɑ /); [1] was an Maya civilization sites in Mexico in the 800 century BC. Pyramid of Kukulcan at this historic site complex believed to be the center of political and economic activities Mayan civilization located in the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico area now). Merupkan Itza central point of the building complexes such as Kukulcan Pyramid, Temple of Chac Mool, and building Tiang Seribu

Temple Chichen Itza is a Mayan archaeological heritage of the most complete and well preserved. Mayan civilization sites in Mexico was, on July 7, 2007, was selected as one of the seven wonders of the world's 100 million people a choice via email and sms (short message service) held by the Swiss Foundation.

According to the Mayan culture of the Chilam Balam, the temple complex was built between 502-522 AD. Mayan inhabitants only 200 years, then they move to the coast of Campeche. Yet another version says, Chichen Itza was built around 800 years BC.

Pyramid of Kukulcan at this historic site complex believed to be the center of political and economic activities Mayan civilization located in the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico area now).

Itza is the central point of the building complexes such as Kukulcan Pyramid, Temple of Chac Mool, and building Tiang Seribu.

Chichen Itza in the temple there are two cenotes (natural wells) which is used as a place to put a sacrifice. It is said that Maya Indians who inhabited the city was offering jade, ceramics, and even humans to be included in the well. Offerings were given when the drought struck. Sometimes offerings of young girls to be put alive into the well. Role of the well is so important because there is no Yukatan Peninsula rivers. The only source of water when the drought hit is from the wells.

The name Chichen Itza means any water on the lips of the people's eyes in the local Indian language. Thus, Chichen Itza developed into the economic center of government and Mayan culture.


It is said, Chichen Itza is a symbol of worship and science. Chichen Itza was founded Toltec king named Quetzalcoatl tribe who came to the Peninsula Yukatan with his troops. At that time the Maya had settled in the area, then together Toltec tribes, began to build the pyramid-like temples. Thus, the peak period of Chichen Itza is a mixture of Toltec and Maya cultures.

One of the largest temple was erected Kukulkan. Based on Mayan legend, the god Kukulkan is a snake-haired incarnation of Quetzalcoatl. Temple of Kukulkan pyramid bertangga, with terraces. On each side of a square pyramid, there are steps to the summit. At the top there is the entrance to the room Crown King Jaguar Stone Kukulkan, which was painted red and green spots of moss.

At Chichen Itza there is also a field game similar to a basketball game today. Games 'pok ta pok' throw the ball through a circle on the wall 7 feet above the ground. The captain of the team who first succeeded in shooting the ball would cut off his head as an offering to the gods.

In the year 1221, a rebellion broke out. Wooden roofs, markets and temples burned knight. Yukatan power over any move to Mayapan, until the Spanish conquerors arrived.

This temple complex is extensive and each temple separated from each other with others. In the middle stands the temple of El Castilo (Palace) of complete renovation. Pyramid shape, the roof just dull. Seeing the temple El reminiscent Castilo Sukuh temple in Karanganyar, Solo. Both this temple as the temple of El kembar.Keistimewaan brother Castilo are the steps to the temple. Any date 21Maret and 23 September between day and night equal length. At that time during the day, the temple steps shadows. So that our eyes deceived, as if there were a lot of snakes up the temple. But the next day at the same time will seem as if the snake came down the steps.

Around the temple complex there is a statue called the Red Jaguars. According to Bishop Landa, in this place are often held ceremonies. Victim of a panther (Jaguar), turtles, turkeys, dogs or any animal heart. Even sometimes the victims are men.

Around the temple complex found in all eight Chac Mool statue. Human-shaped statues sitting up position. Both holding tanggannya offerings and head turned to the left. Chac Mool to worship the god of rain.

Still in the Chichen Itza complex, there are two walls of equal height. Arena between the two walls that the Maya used to play ball. It is possible that the ball made of rubber, considering that the area around the rubber trees grow. Not only the Maya who likes to play ball, but also ethnic Zapotec

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Mexico

Union of Mexican States or Mexico (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos or México) is a country located in North America, bordering the United States, Guatemala and Belize to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea in east. He is the third largest country in Latin America and most countries speak Spanish. The name is taken from the state capital's name, which comes from the name of the ancient Aztec capital of Mexico-Tenochtitlan. Mexi is part Mexitli name, the name of the god of war, while co meaningful 'place' and ca means to 'people'.

For nearly 3,000 years, Mexico became the place several advanced civilizations such as the Amerindian civilizations, Maya and Aztec. The arrival of Spanish colonizers under the wise leadership of Hernan Cortes in the early 16th century, and their victory over the Aztecs in 1521, marking the beginning era of the Spanish pengkolonian New Mexico.

On September 15, 1810, independence from Spain was declared by Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla Int'l at Dolores is a small town. This is a starting point for the independence war which are recognized as the Mexican War of Independence which ended with independence in 1821 and the formation of the First Mexican Empire.
A Mayan pyramid temple, Yucatan

After independence, all Central American countries except Chiapas, agreed to not be part of this empire. After the fall of the Mexican Empire into the hands of the republican party under the leadership of Antonio López de Santa Anna, the first Republic was formed with Guadalupe Victoria as the first president. Under the rule of Santa Anna, the population in the Texan is in Coahuila and Texas have rebelled and demanded independence from the Mexican government. The people here, especially the British explorer nation, has formed Republic of Texas. This rebellion has sparked the famous battle of the Alamo battle between Mexico and Texas military. Finally in 1836, Texas gained independence and the Republic of Mexico has narrowed. In the 1840s, this country has been attacked by the United States that resulted in loss of a very large area, including Alta California, Arizona, Nevada, Utah and New Mexico. In the 1860s this country was attacked again, this time by the French army, which wanted to raise the Archduke Ferdinand Maximillian of Austria as the Maharaja of Mexico, with the endorsement of Catholic clergy and conservative groups Creole. But his reign ended with the bloody incident, in which the former president Benito Juarez Mexico has been sworn in again as president. At first, General Ignacio Zaragoza managed to kill the French army on May 5th (or Cinco de Mayo, in Spanish) in the Battle of Puebla in 1862 but was finally forced to yield, and Napoleon III of France, the Maharaja of France, has raised Ferdinand Maximillian of Austria as King of Mexico in 1864. But in a short period of only three years, Maximillian empire was toppled by Juarez and he was sentenced to kill.

After Juárez's death, anarchy has occurred and prolonged for 30 years starting with the Mexican revolt led by Porfirio Díaz in 1910. The characters are known as the Revolt of Mexico termasuklah Francisco I. Madero, Venustiano Carranza, Pancho Villa, Alvaro Obregon, Victoriano Huerta, and Emiliano Zapata. The rebels have been killed alliance soldiers, but they had to deal with unrest in the country and in a state of conflict for two more decades. The rebellion ended in the 1930s, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) took over the top of the government and ruled for 70 years until the late 20th century. PRI is a sequence consisting of several rebel groups who want a political game to walk safely. In July 2000, the National Action Party (PAN) led by Vicente Fox Quesada has succeeded in robbing this country of the PRI through free elections.

The first crisis faced by President Fox is the rebellion in Chiapas olh group Ejercito Zapatista de Liberation Nacional (EZLN). Chiapas is the poorest parts of the country in Mexico and the rebellion has started since 1994. Sahaja as well appointed as President, he has directed all army immediately withdraw from the country. The highway was also drawn through the separator and the military base there was closed. A year after that, a peace agreement has been made with the EZLN rebel groups. In addition, President Fox was forced to deal with policy issues in this country is famous for taking bribes. This coupled with the crime rate is very high, especially in Mexico City is a major problem in this country.